Key components of steel rail include:

Rail Head: The top surface of the rail, which makes contact with the train wheels. It is designed to provide a smooth rolling surface and withstand the repeated impact and friction from train wheels.

Rail Web: The vertical section of the rail that connects the rail head to the rail base. It provides structural support and distributes the load from the train wheels to the rail base.

Rail Base: The bottom portion of the rail that rests on the railway ties (sleepers) and distributes the load to the underlying ballast or track bed. It provides stability and prevents the rail from shifting or tilting.

Rail Flange: The raised edge on the inner side of the rail head, which helps guide the train wheels and prevents them from derailing.

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